Management of environmental and social measures
 Management of environmental and social measures
Within the framework of construction of the Highway Project, several environmental and social studies were undertaken at different phases:
- The environmental and social evaluation of the project undertaken by Buursink in 2006 and available in three volumes :
-Â Â Â Right-of-way
-Â Â Â Resettlement zone
-Â Â Â Restructuring the Pikine Irregulier Sud zone
- The comprehensive environmental study of the impact of the Mbeubeus waste dump on the resettlement area and the characterization of the soil in the resettlement area. Â
- Comprehensive environmental and social study of the highway stretch
- Environmental and social study of the resettlement area  Â
- Monthly reports on the environmental monitoring of the Malick Sy – Patte d’Oie and Patte d’Oie – Pikine construction works site Â
As regards the highway stretch, a certain number of impacts were identified with the various improvement measures for positive impacts and mitigating measures for negative impacts.
Impacts
Improuvement Measures
Construction
Income-generating activities for the local populations during the works
•   Promote recruitment locally
•   Encourage the employment of local workers (term in the contract)
•   Encourage the conclusion of contracts with youth associations in neighboring districts Â
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Possibility of new jobs with the firm responsible for the management and maintenance of the highway
• Encourage the use of local SME/EIG by sub-contracting some activities
• Support to SME through training and the facilitation of access to credit
Intensification of economic and commercial activities around the work sites (catering, etc.)
Develop specific areas and organize the activities around the site in the course of the works
Operation
The road’s good standard of service
Ensure the routine and periodic maintenance of road infrastructure
Opening up the areas crossed Â
Increase the public transport offer potentials
Facilitation of access to urban infrastructure (hospitals, administrative centres)Promote the creation of new bus routes (DDD)
Create a road network and transportation systems suited to the concerned areas
Environmental protection notably environmental health
•  Improving the security of goods and persons; Improving the living conditions of the populations, notably by restructuring the zone
•  Set up effective household waste management systems
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Improving public health and socioeducational activities
•   Improved access to internal and external health structures through restructuring
•   Rapid transportation of rescue facilities in case of disaster
•   Improved access to education and training structures
 Global negative impact mitigation measures
Tableau 15Â PGE summary table
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| Activities | Sources | Negative Impacts |
Mitigating Measures |
| Evacuation of right-of-ways  |
• Tree cutting  • Acquisition of land • Marking out the works • Mechanized site preparation works  |
Demolition of houses | Indemnification/compensation |
| Displacement of the populations | Relocation in the resettlement area | ||
| Loss of activities and sources of income | • Indemnification/compensation • Site layout   |
||
| • Reduction of the plant cover • Soil erosion  |
• Compliance with routing • Involvement of forestry services • Reinforcement planting • Tree cutting expenditures  |
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| • Disruption of habits and customs • Disruption of riparian activities  |
• Information and sensitization • Social support  |
||
| Disruption of water injection | Maintain water drainage | ||
| Solid waste and demolition debris disposal | Evacuation of solid waste and debris towards authorized sites | ||
| • Separation of communities • Traffic disruption  |
• Information and sensitization • Temporary traffic structures • Signalling, lanes, foot bridge • Organization of the traffic by the Police  |
||
| Disruption of the network of operators | • Coordination with concerned services • Informing the populations • Immediate rehabilitation of networks   |
||
| Mbao classified forest  |
• Destruction of plant cover, of wildlife habitat • Disruption of economic activities  |
• Indemnification/compensation • IREF consultation/involvement in the monitoring • Integrated development of remaining parties |
|
| Installation and commissioning of the domestic site | Occupation of forest zones (FC Mbao) | Deforestation and education of the plant cover | • Involvement of forestry services • Reinforcement planting Clearing after the works  |
| Spilling oils and waste water Solid waste disposal  |
Soil and water contamination | • Collecting and recycling used oils • Collection and evacuation solid waste Appropriate health facilities  |
|
| Occupation of private or agricultural land | • Social conflicts • Crop or farmland loss  |
• Choice of sites in relation with owners or local authorities • Clearing of sites after use  |
|
| Poor staff protection | • Discomfort /nuisances caused by noise, dust and gas • Industrial accident  |
• Head of Health and Safety (HSE) • Protection equipment • First Aid kit • Staff sensitization   |
|
| Poor site signposting | Collusion of construction machines with other users | Signposting and sensitization | |
| Site withdrawal | Social conflicts with populations | • Site clean-up • Transfer of facilities  |
|
| Recruitment of site staff | Presence of foreign labourers | Conflicts with local populations | • Give priority to local recruitment  • Give special weight to the HIMO approach  |
| Poaching in the Mbao forest | • Sensitizing the site staff • Surveillance by the forestry services  |
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| Propagation of STI/AIDS | • Sensitization (staff /population) • Distribution of preservatives (site)  |
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| Installation of bituminous mixing and crushing plants | • Occupation of agricultural /forest zones • Noise, gas and dust emission  • Liquid and oil spills • Closeness to the residential areas  |
• Reduction of the plant cover • Destruction of wildlife habitat (Mbao classified forest)  |
• Judicious selection of establishment site • Involvement of forestry services Reinforcement planting |
| Reduction of cultivable areas | • Judicious and authorized selection of sites • Cleaning of sites after works  |
||
| • Air pollution • Respiratory diseases  |
• Judicious selection of establishment site • Staff protection Sensitization of neighbouring populations  |
||
| Soil and water contamination | Oil protection and collection mechanism (see environmental clauses) | ||
| Opening up and using right-of-way areas and quarries | Deforestation | • Reduction of the plant cover • Erosions of exposed soils  |
Operating quarries and borrowings authorized |
| Poor signposting | Risks of accidents | Signposting and sensitization | |
| Dust emissions | Respiratory diseases | • Staff protection • Regular watering of manifold (grinding station)  |
|
| Occupation of private or agricultural sites | • Deterioration of agricultural land • Social conflicts  |
• Operating quarries and borrowings authorized • Prior consent of beneficiaries • Rehabilitation after the works  |
|
| Road network and deviations | Destruction of plants and farming zones | • Reduction of the plant cover • Reduction of cultivable areas  |
• Judicious selection of routing • Cleaning of sites after works  |
| Digging and shaping the platform
Excavation Civil engineering structures |
Emission of dust particles | Risk of air pollution | • Staff protection • Regular maintenance of construction machines • Wetting the roads  |
| Movement of machinery | • Soil erosion • Degradation of cultivation area  |
• Maintaining the construction machines in the right-of- way • Surveillance and sensitization  |
|
| Spilling of hydrocarbons | Water and soil contamination | Oil protection and collection mechanism (see environmental clauses) | |
| Poor site signposting | • Traffic disruption • Risks of accidents  |
Signposting and sensitization | |
| Transportation of materials | Dust emissions Drivers’ bad behaviour  |
• Risk of air pollution • Risk of accidents  |
• Protection of vehicles • Surveying the transportation of consignments • Sensitizing drivers  |
|
Commissioning the highway |
Physical barrier formed by the highway wall | Risk of flooding of districts located on the right bank of the road | Rainwater collection and draining structures along the highway |
| Physical interruption and disruption of the movement of persons and goods | Crossing structures (notably for access to schools, markets, shops, health centres, etc. and for livestock) | ||
|
Traffic increase |
Gas pollution and sound nuisance | Planting roadside trees all along | |
| • Landscaping the back-up land • Sound proof structures/walls • Noise pollution monitoring system |
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| Risks of accidents  |
• Digging out the sand from the road network regularly • Planting roadside trees all along • Road safety campaigns Sensitizing populations of the neighborhood |
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| Additional measures | Breaking-off effect | Difficult access to health centre | Construction Health Centre |
